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Objective To investigate the current situation of radiological health technical service institutions and their technical services in China, and to provide a basis for better utilizing radiological health technical service resources and strengthening institutions’ capability building. Methods From October to December 2021, we conducted quality monitoring, ability comparison, capability building surveys, and other investigations on radiation health technical services to collect information on the qualifications and technical services of radiation health service institutions. The data were pooled and analyzed using SPSS software. Results By the end of 2021, there were 608 radiological health technical service institutions across China, with 47.0% of them located in the eastern region, and the percentage of institutions in the health system (42.6%) was less than that in the non-health system (57.4%). Institutions of grade A offered 62.3% of technical services, while institutions of grade B provided 37.7% of technical services; technical services provided by the non-health system and the health system accounted for 84.2% and 15.8%, respectively; institutions in the health system at the province, prefecture, and county levels offered 37.1%, 50.6%, and 12.3% of technical services, respectively. Conclusion In recent years, the proportion of institutions in the non-health system has increased significantly, but the proportion of institutions in the health system with radiological health qualifications is small, and the development is uneven in the numbers of institutions, technical services, and professional and technical personnel in the eastern, central, and western regions and at the province, prefecture, and county levels in China. It is necessary to further encourage and support health system institutions in strengthening capability building and applying for radiological health qualifications, and to increase construction and investment in the western region and at the district/county levels, in order to improve the overall capability and level of radiological health technical services in the country.
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In case of accidental exposure, a rapid assessment of radiation dose is of great significance for taking timely countermeasures. Finding an alternative portable emergency dosimeter is crucial for people who have been exposed to accidental radiation but are not equipped with a personal dosimeter. In addition, the real-time monitoring of radiation dose level in the normal environment can meet the needs of the public to know their health status in time. Thus, the portability and intelligence of mobile phones attract researchers to carry out related work. This article reviews the research progress in individual exposure dose estimation and monitoring based on mobile phones.
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Objective@#To improve radiation testing institutions’ ability and levels of personal dose monitoring for external exposure and standardize monitoring work.@*Methods@#According to Testing Criteria of Personnel Dosimetry Performance for External Exposure (GBZ 207—2016), the intercomparison programme was made, the 2021 class-based personal dose monitoring intercomparison were organized by the National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and provincial monitoring institutions.@*Results@#A total of 150 institutions participated in the 2021 national intercomparison of personal dose monitoring capability. Of them, 143 (95.3%) passed the assessment, including 51 excellent institutions (excellent rate, 34.0%), and 7 (4.7%) failed to pass the assessments.@*Conclusion@#The 2021 national personal dosimetry performance intercomparison showed great improvements in the pass rate and excellent rate compared with previous national assessments. However, still seven institutions failed to pass this assessment, including four institu- tions with class A qualifications. The testing institutions need to find out the reasons to increase their testing ability. This class-based intercomparison improved the point-to-plane relationship between the organizing and testing institutions, help- ing the organizing institution focus on improving the testing ability of provincial testing institutions and class A radiation health service institutions.
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Objective:To enhance the capabilities of individual monitoring technology services for external exposure.Methods:The intercomparison results of the national individual monitoring for external exposure during 2015-2019 were presented, together with a summary and analysis provided of the main existing problems.Results:By 2019, 382 of individual monitoring technology service uints, from 30 provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities, participated in the individual monitoring intercomparisons results, involving disease control and prevention centers, occupational prevention and control institutions, research institutes, universities, nuclear industry, medical institutions, and companies. Except for slightly low in 2017, the pass rate in the other four years was above 90%. The excellence rate increased with the years.Conclusions:The capabilities of individual monitoring service units can meet the concerned requirements and provide standardized monitoring report for the period of 2015 to 2019, but with some being unqualified. These service units should carefully analyze and identify the reasons for the failure, standardize the quality control of laboratory, and improve the level of measurement and the ability of data analysis.
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Objective In order to improve the personal dose monitoring ability of radiation health technical institutions, and standardize the detection methods and procedures. Methods Develop adetailed assessment plan according to GBZ 207—2016 “Testing criteria of personnel dosimetry performance for external exposure”, organize a national assessment of personal dose monitoring capabilities in 2020, analyze the problems arising from the assessment, and strengthen supervision and training in the future. Results A total of 457 institutions participated in this assessment, of which 421 were qualified (including 74 excellent institutions, with an excellent rate of 16.2%), and 36 were unqualified, accounting for 92.1% and 7.9% respectively. Conclusion The number of institutions that participated in the assessment this year reaches a record high, with a passing rate 4.08% higher than that in 2019. The overall monitoring capacity of the country has been greatly improved. However, some institutions still have problems such as irregular symbol writing, unupdated detection standards, and large deviations in testing data. It is necessary to improve the ability of loboratory detection and data analysis, standardize the operation process, and ensure the quality of assessment.
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Objective@#To compare the test results of domestic and imported eye lens and ring dosimeters, and master some dosimetric performance indexes of eye lens and ring dosimeters.@*Methods@#According to IEC 62387—2012 and GBZ 128—2019, the performance of the eye lens dosimeters and ring dosimeters with the domestic thermoluminescence detectors were compared with the imported thermoluminescence detectors in photon response. The dose response deviation of the im- ported eye lens dosimeter and imported ring dosimeter was studied under the same irradiation condition. The difference of linear response between imported ring dosimeter and domestic ring dosimeter was studied under the same irradiation condition. @*Results@#The same dose was irradiated to domestic and imported thermoluminescence detectors in the imported eye lens and imported ring dosimeters, and the linear correlation coefficient all met R2 > 0.999. The maximum response devi- ation of the imported eye lens dosimeter and ring dosimeter was less than 10.0% for the same dose. Two kinds of imported ring dosimeters and one kind of domestic ring dosimeter were irradiated with the same dose, and the linear correlation coefficient all met R2 > 0.99.@*Conclusion@#Both domestic detectors and imported detectors can meet the needs of monitoring re- quirements. There was no obvious difference in linear response between imported ring dosimeter and domestic ring dosimet- er. The repeatability of imported eye lens dosimeter and imported ring dosimeter met the performance requirements of the dosimeter.
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Objective:To investigate the application of Aptima high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) E6/E7 mRNA (AHPV) and its genotyping (GT) in the risk assessment of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL).Methods:The AHPV and its genotype (AHPV-GT) incervical exfoliated cells were detectedin 529 women with LSIL.The DNA-Based Hybrid Capture 2 HPV Test (HC2-HPV), colposcopy and cervical biopsy were performedsimultaneously.Results:① In 529 patients with LSIL, the positive rate of HC2-HPV in the group of ＜30 years old was significantly higher than that in the group of ≥30 years old (92.2％ vs 83.6％, P=0.026).There was no significant difference in AHPV positive rate among different age groups (82.5％ vs 77.7％, P=0.284).No significant difference of the genotyping (AHPV-GT) was detected between the two groups, either.In the 529 cases, 83 cases of HSIL+were confirmed by histology.81 cases (97.6％) were AHPV positive in the patients with HSIL+;② Compared with other 11 positive types of HR-HPV, the incidence of HSIL+in GT+ women increased significantly (P＜0.05).In the group ≥30 years old, the OR value of HSIL+exposure risk of AHPV16 positive women was the highest (141.00), which was significantly higher than that of 18/45+, GT +, AHPV + (P=0.005, 0.000, 0.000).However, in the group of ＜30 years old, the OR value of HSIL+exposure risk of AHPV16 positive women was 8.50, which showed no significant difference from that of 18/45+ and AHPV-(P=1.000, 0.070).③ In group over 30 years old, the specificity of detecting HSIL+by AHPV was higher than that by HC2-HPV (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in detection specificity between AHPV and HC2-HPV in women under 30 years old.Conclusions:AHPV and its GT detection are reliable methods for colposcopic screening and risk stratification in women aged over 30 years old with LSIL, more attention should be focused on AHPV16 positive.Better biological markers should be explored for younger women.